Definition and Diagnosis
Alcohol use disorder is a maladaptive pattern of alcohol consumption leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, marked by impaired control over drinking, continued use despite harmful consequences, tolerance, and a characteristic withdrawal syndrome.
Epidemiology
Alcohol use disorder is among the most common substance use disorders worldwide, with prevalence varying between populations and studies.
Risk Factors
Genetic factors, family history, early age at first use, co-occurring psychiatric conditions, chronic stress, and social or environmental factors can contribute to risk.
Symptoms and Subtypes
Features include strong craving, loss of control over drinking, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and continued drinking despite social, occupational, or health consequences.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves clinical assessment of alcohol use, symptoms, consequences, functioning and relevant medical and psychiatric history.
Treatment
Treatment may involve medically supervised withdrawal when indicated, psychosocial interventions, psychiatric care, medication when appropriate, and recovery support.
Prognosis
Alcohol use disorder can have a relapsing course, but sustained recovery is possible with appropriate treatment and ongoing support.
Reference
Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. Kaplan & Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry.